Which type of organization is allowed political activity as long as it is not the primary goal?

The correct choice is the organization classified under 501(c)(4). These entities are classified as social welfare organizations. They are permitted to engage in political activities, but it is vital that such political engagement is not their primary purpose. Specifically, these organizations can promote social welfare and, as a secondary function, participate in political advocacy, campaigns, and related activities.

In contrast, other organizations have different regulations regarding political activities. For example, 501 organizations, generally, are charitable entities that are strictly prohibited from participating in any political activities. Super PACs, while vastly influential in political funding, are primarily dedicated to independent political spending and cannot contribute directly to candidates or parties. Political Action Committees (PACs) can engage in political activities but are subject to more stringent regulations, especially concerning contribution limits and disclosure.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in the context of campaign finance and the role of various organizations in the electoral process.